閩南語的方言比較與通變系統（洪惟仁／台湾）

洪惟仁先生以前写的一篇论文：《閩南語的方言比較與通變系統（全文）》，详见附件。

On pages 11 and 12, Mr. Âng said there's a tendency for j sounds to change to g sounds? Is this true in Hokkien now? I have found some people in Taiwan also pronounce j as g. Even Tân Chúi-píⁿ pronounces this way.  Could it be just a spread of a variant sound (g in this case)? Phonologically, it's natural for a g sound to change to a j sound. This is a kind of palatalization. But for j to g, just seems a little odd. Of course, it's also possible. Like in Douglas', on page 183, the entry jîn for silver is definitely a case of g palatalization.

jîn [R. gûn, C. gîn, silver].  pɛ̍h-jîn-hiuⁿ (C.), = pɛ̍h-gîn-ngiuⁿ, an evergreen shrub with red berries (v. hiuⁿ).

白銀香 are the Chinese characters.

Tim

[ 本帖最後由 timluo 於 2007-9-24 17:56 編輯 ]

Góa tsai-iáⁿ Hok-kiàn Chiang-chiu chhī Chiuⁿ-phó· koān chit-tah ê khiuⁿ kan-ta ū "g", bô "j". Iā to̍h-sī kóng, só·-ū tī Chiang-chiu-khiuⁿ ho· "j" ê, Chiuⁿ-phó· lóng ho·-tsòe "g", kan-ta "joa̍h"（熱） sī lē-gōa（ho·-tsòe "loa̍h"). A-píⁿ--á sī chit-ê khiuⁿ bô-m̄-tio̍h, che góa oân-á bat chhin-hī thiaⁿ i (tī tiān-sī-téng kóng--kòe). Tâi-oân gē-jîn "Chê Chîn"(齊秦) chhiuⁿ ê Hokkien koa, oân-á sī chit-ê khiuⁿ.

Góa liáu-kái tī Chiang-chiu ū-ê lâng ē kā tsú-im "g" ho·-tsòe "j", pí-lūn-kóng, tī gún Liông-hái, ū lâng ho· "玉" tsòe "jio̍k", ho· "白銀" tsòe "pe̍h-jîn" (pe̍h=pɛ̍h). Lūn-chin-kóng, che sī chhò-ngō· ê ho·-im, sǹg sī tsoa̍h-im.

“香”, pe̍h-oē-im ho·-tsòe "hiuⁿ" (泉、漳）/ "hio·ⁿ（漳）. Lí kóng sû-tián kì-tsài ū lâng chiong "白銀香" ho·-tsòe "pɛ̍h-gîn-ngiuⁿ", che sī in-ūi goân-tóe ê "hiuⁿ", tsú-im(子音：聲母) sán-seng "類化" liáu-āu ê kiat-kó. Iā tioh-sī kóng, "hiuⁿ" ê tsú-im(h) khì hō· thâu-chêng hit jī "gîn" ê tsú-im "g" lâi éng-hiáng, soah pìⁿ-tsòe "ngiu". Chit-khoán chêng-hêng sam-put-gō·-sî ē tú--tio̍h, góa chit-mái koh kóng nn̄g-ê lē hō· lí thiaⁿ:

1. 龍眼，pún-jiân sī liām "lêng-géng", m̄-koh ū-ê só·-tsāi sī kóng "gêng-géng".
2. 危險, tsū-pún sī liām "gûi-hiám", iah m̄-koh, tī Chiang-chiu kah Tâi-oân, chit-mái thàu-tóe kóng tsòe "hûi-hiám".

Chhiūⁿ chit-khoán "聲母類化" ê hiān-siōng, tùi Hok-chiu-oē lâi kóng, ē-tàng kóng sī chin phó·-piàn.

原帖由 limkianhui 於 2007-9-24 19:32 發表
1. 龍眼，pún-jiân sī liām "lêng-géng", m̄-koh ū-ê só·-tsāi sī kóng "gêng-géng".
2. 危險, tsū-pún sī liām "gûi-hiám", iah m̄-koh, tī Chiang-chiu kah Tâi-oân, chit-mái thàu-tóe kóng tsòe "hûi-hiám".

Chhiūⁿ chit-khoán "聲母類化" ê hiān-siōng, tùi Hok-chiu-oē lâi kóng, ē-tàng kóng sī chin phó·-piàn.

I've been using "gêng-géng" all my life. It was only until college did I know that people also pronounced it as "lêng-géng". The first character could be influenced by the second character, but it could also be that 龍 had a g sound in earlier times. In 說文解字，under 龔, it says 龍聲. And under 龍, it says 童聲. This is a very interesting word. It exhibits three different sounds. It is known from (Attic) Greek that the g sound would change to either d or b sounds under different situations.  In Taiwan there's a kind of card game that some people call it "khe-chí-pan s-top-pū", while others call it "phe-chí-pan s-top-pū". This is indeed a corruption from English "Page one, stop" via Japanese. You can see from here the g-b (only by place of articulation) interchange for words that people only learn by ears. Many people also pronounce the second part as "s-tòm-pū". The insertion of extra nasal sounds are also very common in Taiwan for words learned by ears only. It is common in South Pacific English to add extra nasal sounds after vowels. For example, the capital of Kiri Bati, Majuro, is pronounced like Manjuro by locals. Another example in Taiwan is the table tennis term of "net". People either say "net-tō" or "net-po".

For 危險, I only hear "ûi-hiám" and "hûi-hiám" in Taiwan. Never had I actually heard anyone say "gûi-hiám". "hûi-hiám" is definitely the predominant one now in Taiwan.

Last, on the assimilation part, you can say it's also a form of "corruption" or "lazy pronunciation". However when most people do it this way, it's no longer considered corruption. Like in English, more and more people pronounce the "sh" sound like the "ch" sound, especially after the "n" sound. Examples are "ancient", "mention", "tension" and many others. This is because many people start to articulate the "sh" sound before the "n" sound stops. These same people also pronounce "s" as "ts" after "n". They pronounce pencil as "pen-tsil". The reason is also like what I said earlier. Also, in 海陸 Hakka of Taiwan, they pronounce /ju/ like /ʒju/, this is because of the approximant nature of that sound. In English, many words that begin with "j" were actually from "i" words. Indeed, just a similar phenomenon.

Tim